Needham analyst including Alan Carr, Chad Messer, Danielle Brill and Esther Pang noted that if Article 50 is invoked following the Brexit vote, the European Medicines Agency will need to move out of its current base in London and the U.K. will need to create its own separate regulatory organization for drugs, concluding that Brexit will lead to a "less efficient, more expensive, and potentially lengthier regulatory process" for drug approval in the EU and the U.K. Among the companies that are currently in discussions with the EMA or have drugs under MAA review, Needham lists ACADIA (ACAD) Celator (CPXX), Cempra (CEMP), Gilead (GILD) Intercept (ICPT), Seattle Genetics (SGEN), Valeant (VRX) and Progenics (PGNX).